Analytica User FAQs/Expressions - How to
(In progress -- two things need to occur. Common questions need to be collected here and organized, and then answers need to be added. Feel free to contribute to either aspect)
Array Abstraction
How do I access a single row of an array?
See Subscript/Slice Operator. The syntax is A[I=x], where A is the array, I is the index that identifies the row dimension, and x identifies the row using the value or label from I.
How do I represent a square matrix?
The rule in Analytica is that every dimension must correspond to a different index. So when you have two dimensions, you need two separate indexes. In the case of a square matrix, the second index is often a copy of the first.
Try this. Create an index node, name it State, and define it as 1..5. How create a second index, name it State2, and define it as CopyIndex(State). Now you have two indexes with identical value. You have what you need to represent a square matrix. Finally, create a variable, name it State_Identity, define it as State=State2, and show the result table. You just created a square identity matrix.
How do I re-index an array, exchanging one index, I, for another of the same length, J?
Again, this is accomplished using the Subscript/Slice Operator. Two methods:
- A[I=J]
- A[@I=@J]
The first re-indexes associatively, the second re-indexes by position. You can use the first when I and J have the same labels or values with no duplicates (in general, it is bad practice to have duplicate values in indexes). The second can be used if they are the same length, but have different values.
How do I aggregate an array from a fine grain index (e.g., days) to a coarser index (e.g., months)?
Generally, to aggregate, you will need a mapping (many-to-one) from the fine grain to the coarse grain. This mapping will take the form of an array, indexed by the fine grain (e.g., days), where each value in the array is an element in the coarser index (e.g., months). For illustration, let's call this Day2Month.
Once you have this map, use the Aggregate function. Here is an example:
See Aggregate for more details.
Distributions
- How do I generate independent distributions across an index, for example, so that Noise := Normal(0,1) is independent for each time point t?
- How do I define a chance variable so that its uncertainty is correlated with an existing chance variable?
User-Defined Functions
- How do I create my own User-Defined function?
- How do I create a custom distribution function?
How do I model XXX?
How can I represent missing values?
The constant Null is useful to represent a missing value.
- Operators, such as + - * / ^ > >= OR AND, all return Null if one or both operands are Null.
- Reducing array functions, including, Sum, Product, Max, Min, Average, ignore Null -- that is, they take the Sum, Product, Max, Min, Average of all the numbers that are not Null. (If all values are Null, they return Null.)
- A Graph view does not display Null values, leaving gaps in lines where the array contains Null.
- Statistical functions, such as Mean, Sdeviation, Getfract, ignore v values.
- Probability distributions ignore Null values when generating density functions, cumulative probability functions, and so on. They treat the sample as though the Null didn't exist, and the sample size is the number of non-NULL values.
- Interpolation functions, LinearInterp, StepInterp, CubicInterp, interpolate over Null between the nearest numerical values.
- Regression also ignores Null values in the dependent or independent variables.
- Some other array functions may just return Null if their parameters contain a Null value.
Library functions will similarly ignore NULL values if they rely on built-in functions that do that. If you want your user-defined functions to treat Null differently, you can insert appropriate conditional logic to deal with the missing values in the appropriate fashion. For example:
- Variance( MaybeMissing(x), I )
- Cumulate( MaybeMissing(x,1), I )
where
- Function MaybeMissing( x ; defX : optional )
- Definition: if x=Null then if IsNotSpecified(defX) then 0 else defX else X
Debugging
How do I go about debugging a model?
See Debugging Hints
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